Sabri Zain's Freshwater Protozoa of north
        Cambridgeshire


Specimen 090

A video showing conjugation of two Coleps spp. These are two similar-looking but sexually distinct partners connected at their front ends, exchanging genetic material via a plasma bridge. Reproduction in Coleps ciliates is primarily asexual, by binary fission, but sexual reproduction also occurs by conjugation, a process by which two organisms exchange nuclear material. Genetic exchange during sexual reproduction involves the micronucleus. After conjugation, the two ciliates divide and produce four identical organisms.